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Pivot months into columns · SQL scenario · D8LooP

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Pivot months into columns

Finance want a small grid: one row per order status, one column per month, revenue in the cells. They will paste it into a slide, so the shape matters as much as the numbers. Return status, jan, feb and mar for the three months in the table, ordered by status.

Result columns · in this order

`status`	Normalised order status: lower case, no padding.
`jan`	Revenue for orders placed in January 2026.
`feb`	Revenue for orders placed in February 2026.
`mar`	Revenue for orders placed in March 2026.

How to approach it

One SUM(CASE WHEN month-range THEN order_total ELSE 0 END) per column, grouped on a cleaned status.

Sample input

shop_ordersOne row per online order. status is entered by hand and its spelling varies.

order_id	customer_id	placed_at	status	order_total
1001	c1	2026-01-05 10:00:00	paid	120
1002	c2	2026-01-12 14:30:00	Paid	80
1003	c1	2026-01-20 09:15:00	pending	45
1004	c3	2026-01-31 23:30:00	PAID	200
1005	c2	2026-02-01 00:15:00	paid	60
1006	c4	2026-02-03 11:00:00	paid	150
1007	c3	2026-02-10 16:45:00	refunded	90
1008	c1	2026-02-14 12:00:00	paid	300
1009	c5	2026-02-18 08:30:00	Paid	75
1010	c4	2026-02-25 19:20:00	pending	85
1011	c5	2026-02-28 21:00:00	paid	130
1012	c2	2026-03-02 10:10:00	paid	95

12 rows — scroll inside the table to see them all.

Expected output

The exact result your query should return for this input.

status	jan	feb	mar
paid	400	715	95
pending	45	85	0
refunded	0	90	0

3 rows — all rows shown.

Constraints

1This engine has no PIVOT clause. Build the columns with conditional aggregation — one SUM(CASE WHEN ...) per month.
2The status column is entered by hand: paid, Paid, PAID and paid all appear. Group on a normalised value or the grid comes back with five rows instead of three.
3A status with no revenue in a month must show 0, not NULL — a blank cell in a slide reads as missing data rather than as no sales.
4Use half-open month ranges (>= start AND < next_start). placed_at carries a time, so BETWEEN on dates drops the last day.
5Round the money to two decimal places, and order by status.

Worked example

For the paid row, January is the sum of order_total over every paid order placed before 2026-02-01 — orders 1001 (120) and 1004 (200), plus 1002 (80) which is stored as Paid. That is 400.00. Miss the normalisation and you get three separate rows — paid 260, Paid 80, PAID 200 — each of which looks like a legitimate status to a reader who was not there. The ELSE 0 is what turns an empty cell into a zero: without it the CASE returns NULL, SUM skips NULLs, and a status with no March revenue reports NULL rather than 0.00.

What this tests

Whether you can pivot without a PIVOT clause, and whether you noticed that the grouping key needs cleaning before it becomes row labels.

SQL

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